2" Diam Heavy Duty Flexible Exhaust Pipe (per metre)

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Ren SF (2015) Study on the cross-section mechanical properties and typical failure characteristics of Unbonded flexible risers [Doctor’s thesis]. Shanghai Jiaotong University The range of stainless steel braided hose provided by Proflex Hose are made to be amazingly durable and great in strength. With this form of hose, an external layer of braid is added to prevent the elongating of a tube when pressure is applied. This enables better flexibility and movement for the hose.

The allowable bending radius for the hose depends on the type of motion the hose will experience, this is described as: While an understanding of pipe-soil interaction is important for the sound structural design of pipelines, it should be noted that the concern for soil pressure on a pipe is limited to empty pipe or gravity flow pipelines where the conduit never flows full. In municipal pressure piping systems, the internal pressure is typically much greater than soil pressure on the pipe; internal pressure essentially supports the soil load when the line is placed into service. In his analysis of external loads on buried pipe, Marston defined two main types of loading conditions of buried pipes, a ditch conduit (referred to as trench load condition in present day nomenclature), and a projecting conduit (referred to as an embankment condition in present day literature), Table 1. Yijimei (2014) Application status and prospect analysis of umbilical cord cable in offshore deepwater oil platform [J]. China Shipbuilding, 2014

Connect Tectite Tube direct to the boiler* and all the way through to Tectite ended TRV’s, tap connectors and much more besides The Tectite Classic fitting provides the performance and reliability only metal can, an array of features ensure you leave the job today knowing it won’t cause you problems tomorrow

Since it was almost impossible to predetermine the settlement ratio that would develop in a specific case, Marston tabulated it as an empirical quantity, based on the type of pipe material (rigid or flexible), and foundation conditions for rigid pipe and side-fill soil condition for flexible pipe. Equation 5 is referred to as the prism load. As stated earlier, for rigid pipes, settlement ratio under an embankment is positive (prsd>0) and for flexible pipes, settlement ratio is negative (prsd<0). The condition prsd = 0 for flexible pipe is therefore conservative and is the maximum load that will be imposed by soil on a flexible pipe in virtually all cases. In practice, for design purposes, under both trench and embankment conditions, the prism load is always used for flexible pipes. Pipe in Wide Trenches The vertical load at the top of the bore within the width of the excavation is the upward friction forces and the soil cohesion along the limits of the soil prism directly above the bore subtracted from the weight of the prism above the bore. The 2cCtBt in Equation 6 represents the cohesion of undisturbed soils. Flexible metal conduit can be made from other materials, including advanced alloys such as Monel and Inconel, or traditional performance metals like Bronze The flexible stainless steel hose manufactured at Proflex Hose is suitable for use with both liquids and gases in a variety of intensive applications. As a stainless steel conduit, it is highly resistant to heat and can be used in high-temperature roles, while also being very resistant to corrosion. This corrosion resistance gives flexible stainless steel pipe the ability to survive in tough environments and carry a range of fluids. A tough, resilient and long-lasting material, stainless steel flexible conduit is perfect for use in a wide range of applications. Flexible Metal Hose

The Marston Load Theory

There is a great variety of possible end fittings and connections, typically the two end fittings are dissimilar; we can accommodate any requirement as long as the material and fitting are weldable. The most common fitting styles are: Weld end If you have a project requiring temperature resistance, corrosion resistance or a flexible hose that can stand up to pressure or a vacuum, our stainless steel flexible metal conduit is the hose for you Outer sheath– An extruded polymer layer that shields the pipe's structural elements from the outer environment and gives mechanical protection.

Zhang CY (2011) Mechanical properties of flexible floating oil pipe. Master’s thesis, Tianjin University From tees to tap connectors, the Tectite Classic range includes all of the fittings you need to install a high quality domestic system From tees to tap connectors, the Tectite classic range includes all the fittings you need to install a high-quality domestic system, and BES can supply all you need. The right pipes and tubes for any jobIn designing and optimizing an unbonded flexible pipe structure designation of adequate materials, the correct balancing of pipe structural elements, geometry, and interaction between layers must be considered. We ensure the long-term durability of a Flexibles pipe through a combination of only using symmetrical pressure armor profiles—which contain an absolute minimum of residual stresses after having been applied onto the flexible pipe structure—and a careful preforming of the double-layer cross-wound tensile armor comprised of multiple rectangular steel wires. The Stainless steel braided hose is perfect for industries working with heating, ventilation and automation. This is due to the hose’s high resistance to pressure and also due to their durability. This range of hose usually comes in a variety of bore sizes and lengths, also with different end connections. Stainless Steel Hose Construction The value of soil load analysis is to arrive at the required pipe strength necessary to build a municipal pipeline of sufficient structural integrity to serve its design life. The design process varies from rigid to flexible pipe, and usually by pipe material also. The second part of this series in the next issue will review current design practices for rigid and flexible pipes with regards to earth loading. All stainless steel flexible hose assemblies made by Proflex Hose are subjected to a submerged pressure test to ensure full functionality The critical plane is the horizontal plane through the top of the pipe when the fill is level with its top. At critical plane, H=0. During and after construction, if this critical plane settles more than the top of the pipe, as shown for rigid pipe in figure 3a, the settlement ratio is positive (prsd>0). For flexible pipes, figure 3b, the critical plane settles less than the top of the pipe, indicating the settlement ratio is negative (prsd<0).

Sharp bends should be avoided while installing flexible hoses. The Technical Data Section of the vendor catalog should be followed to maintain the minimum centerline bend radius for intermittent flexing. Shah Rahman is the western regional engineer for Northwest Pipe Co., based in Southern Calif. He is an Associate Editor (Pipe Materials) for the ASCE Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. The basic concept of the Marston Load Theory is that the load on a buried pipe, because of the weight of the column of soil, or central prism, directly above the pipe, is modified by the response of the pipe and the relative movement of the side columns of soil, or external prisms (adjacent to the pipe, between the pipe and the trench walls on either side), to the central prism. The relative movement of the central prism and the side prisms result in shearing stresses or frictional forces, calculated using Rankine’s theory.

For positive projecting conduits, Marston also determined, initially purely through mathematical reasoning, the existence of a horizontal plane above the pipe where shearing forces would be zero, referred to as the plane of equal settlement. Settlement of interior and exterior prisms above this plane is equal. Marston Load Calculations in Trench Condition As the corrugated interior tube is seamless, stainless steel conduit is ideal for use with liquids or gasses under pressure, especially when fitted with external braiding. With first-rate corrosion resistance, a stainless steel flexible conduit is also ideal for use in chemically demanding situations – and this combination of factors makes them absolutely perfect for use in the petrochemical industry, or in steelmaking, chemical smelting, the automotive industry the power generation industry and dozens more. International Standards Organization (2009) Petroleum and natural gas industries, design and operation of subsea production systems, Part 5: Subsea umbilicals, ISO 13628-5, 2009